• The dorsal horn of the spinal cord

  2022-08-10

  

  The dorsal horn of the spinal cord shows a high density of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors, particularly in the superficial spinal laminae (laminae I and II), where primary afferents carrying nociceptive and thermoreceptive inputs terminate and synapse on spinal second-order neurons (Engelman et al.,

• So far the functional significance

  2022-08-10

  

  So far, the functional significance of GluR-A and GluR-B in synaptic plasticity has been best studied in the context of long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission in vitro in the hippocampus and the regulation of synaptic strength in paradigms underlying activity-dependent learning in vivo Taka

• br Experimental section br Acknowledgments MIN cells were ki

  2022-08-10

  

  Experimental section Acknowledgments MIN6 Gap19 were kindly provided by Dr. Junichi Miyazaki, Osaka University. This research was supported in part by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (JP16H05099 and JP18H04609 to K.H., and JP16H06574 to T.U.), SENTA

• Another key component of proper DA cell physiology is

  2022-08-10

  

  Another key component of proper DA cell physiology is the basal firing activity of SN DA neurons, which maintains extracellular levels of dopamine in the dorsal striatum that are essential for voluntary movement [106]. Changes in SN DA neuron activity directly impacts the amount of dopamine released

• While the apparent complexity of gap junction regulation pre

  2022-08-10

  

  While the apparent complexity of gap junction regulation presents challenges, new technologies continue to propel the field forward. Advances in microscopy are increasingly able to capture rapid dynamics at the plasma membrane (e.g., biosensors [67] and lattice light sheet microscopy [100]) and to d

• br Presenilins and Wnt catenin signalling Several groups hav

  2022-08-10

  

  Presenilins and Wnt/β-catenin signalling Several groups have provided substantial data indicating that PS1 acts as a negative modulator of the transcriptional activity of the β-catenin/Tcf-4 complex (Fig. 4) [120], [121], [122]. β-Catenin is a multifunctional protein that was first described as a

• Similar to C lividipennis RDL Jiang

  2022-08-10

  

  Similar to C. lividipennis RDL (Jiang et al., 2015), we found that the intracellular loop variants of A. mellifera RDL had no effect on GABA EC50 (Table 1). Also, as with C. lividipennis, there was no significant difference in maximal GABA responses (Table 1). However, whereas the 31 amino acid inse

• br Future perspectives A plethora

  2022-08-10

  

  Future perspectives A plethora of reports from in vivo and in vitro human and animal studies have demonstrated the potential role of FGFR signalling in human carcinogenesis, whether it be in an oncogenic or tumour suppressive capacity. It is still not well understood how FGFRs can act as tumour s

• BDNF is intricately implicated in energy homeostasis Hamdouc

  2022-08-10

  

  BDNF is intricately implicated in energy homeostasis (Hamdouchi et al., 2016; Schwartz and Mobbs, 2012), regulation of mood (Sartorius et al., 2015) and adult neurogenesis (Taliaz et al., 2010; Waterhouse et al., 2012), our primary focus was to evaluate the effects of GPR40 stimulation on BDNF expre

• In order to understand the determinants of

  2022-08-10

  

  In order to understand the determinants of high affinity of with amide side chain, an X-ray crystal structure of human liver FBPase in complex with was determined (). The position of phosphonate group and tricyclic scaffold of is similar to those of with no side chain, which suggests the formati

• Thus while there is ample evidence to

  2022-08-09

  

  Thus, while there is ample evidence to rule out a generalized blockade of TGF-ß signaling by Hippo pathway activation upon establishment of cell–cell contacts, more recent studies have established that, in specific contexts, Hippo and TGF-ß signaling may either interfere or cooperate with each other

• Mice with GSTP knock out

  2022-08-09

  

  Mice with GSTP1 knock out show increased risk of skin cancer when exposed to carcinogens like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [23]. Most of the genetic association studies have focused on GSTP1 c.313G > A variant which results in isoleucine to valine substitution at amino walk through residue numbe

• Continuing studies of endocannabinoid ligands at GPR reveal

  2022-08-09

  

  Continuing studies of endocannabinoid ligands at GPR55 reveal that virodhamine (O-arachidonylethanolamine) and AEA can act as a partial agonists at GPR55; at high micromolar concentrations can inhibit β-arrestin recruitment (Sharir et al., 2012). It is likely that there are allosteric as well as ort

• CCK Octapeptide, non-sulfated receptor br Specificity of CD

  2022-08-09

  

  Specificity of CD4 T cells and their role in flavivirus neutralizing antibody responses CD4 T cells recognize peptides that are proteolytically processed from protein antigens and presented by MHC class II molecules on the surface of specialized antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells o

• The precise mechanisms of action of PBA are as yet

  2022-08-09

  

  The precise mechanisms of action of 4-PBA are as yet ambiguous. Its capacity as a chemical chaperone has been thoroughly documented for the ABC transporter family in particular (Prulière-Escabasse et al., 2007; Iram and Cole, 2014; Gordo-Gilart et al., 2016; Pomozi et al., 2017). 4-PBA has been clas

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