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It has recently been reported that plasma and synovial
2024-01-27
It has recently been reported that plasma and synovial fluid levels of autotaxin correlate with severity of knee OA. Synovial fibroblasts isolated from OA patients express significant amounts of autotaxin mRNA, and this increase in autotaxin AZ20 could lead to increased production of LPA, suggestin
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Apelin APJ triggers a variety of cellular signaling pathways
2024-01-26
Apelin/APJ triggers a variety of cellular signaling pathways (Fig. 1). Recent studies from our laboratory showed that apelin-13 induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation by the upregulation of Cyclin D1 expression, which is involved in an ERK-dependent activation of Jagged-1/Notch3 si
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Several mechanisms of Cd induced carcinogenicity
2024-01-26
Several mechanisms of Cd-induced carcinogenicity have been reported and are comprehensively summarized by Hartwig [32]. As early as 1980, basic science studies supported a role for endocrine disruption of AR by Cd. Donovan et al. [33], using extracts of mouse prostate cytosol, showed Cd to be the mo
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br Acknowledgments This work was
2024-01-26
Acknowledgments This work was supported by grants from the “Agence Nationale de la Recherche” ANR-09-CESA-006 program, the Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (Anses, Project n° 2012-2-077) and the Interdisciplinary Program “Longévité et Viei
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The molecular mechanisms that mediate the plasticity
2024-01-26
The molecular mechanisms that mediate the plasticity of the NMJ are not well understood. PGC-1α is a master regulator of the NMJ gene expression program 23, 24, and thus AMPK might indirectly regulate the NMJ via its broad influence on the coactivator. Cerveró et al.[6] recently provided more direct
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br Conflicts of interest br Funding
2024-01-26
Conflicts of interest Funding Introduction Brassicaceae is an economically important family of plants containing rapeseed, cabbage, broccoli, brussels, radish and mustard. Among them rapeseed plays a crucial role, because of its application in food and also in fuel industry. According to th
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br Conflict of interest br Financial
2024-01-26
Conflict of interest Financial Support The work is supported by research grants from Clinical Key Specialty Project of China and Clinical Medical Center of Suzhou, China (Szzx201502) and Jiangsu Province Special Program of Medical Science, China (BE2016672). Introduction Recently, function
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AKT activity is also self limiting through its
2024-01-26
AKT activity is also self-limiting through its substrate GSK3β; the kinase activity of which is negatively regulated by AKT phosphorylation (Fig. 3; Li, Liu, & Gao, 2009). GSK3β activation results in phosphorylation and subsequent ubiquitin mediated degradation of PHLPP (Li et al., 2009). AKT activa
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br A novel therapeutic strategy based on the
2024-01-26
A novel therapeutic strategy based on the APN and obesity paradoxes As shown above, the relationship of the serum APN concentration with health and disease states shows an inverted-U correlation, suggesting that moderate concentrations of serum APN are beneficial (Fig. 3). Given that both hypo- a
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Lipotoxicity is the accumulation of excess lipids in non
2024-01-26
Lipotoxicity is the accumulation of excess lipids in non-adipose tissues that leads to cell dysfunction or cell death. It may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, and contributes to the rate of progression of CKD [7,8]. Emerging evidence indicates that renal lipid dysregulation is
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APPL was the first adaptor protein identified that interacts
2024-01-26
APPL1 was the first adaptor protein identified that interacts directly with adiponectin receptors [18]. A two-hybrid study by Dong and colleagues revealed that the C-terminal extracellular domain of AdipoR1 interacts with adiponectin, whereas the N-terminal cytoplasmic domain of AdipoR1 interacts wi
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br Materials and methods br
2024-01-26
Materials and methods Results The average body weights for each group of mice over the course of the study are shown in Fig. 2A. The average body weights of the mice in the saline control group and PACAP group increased slightly during the study. In contrast, starting at day 17, the body weigh
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Since the cloning of ARs in the beginning
2024-01-26
Since the cloning of ARs in the beginning of the 1990s, the efforts to characterize them have led to the accumulation of a substantial amount of experimental data. Decades of site-directed mutagenesis (SDM; Box 1) studies, in combination with pharmacological data and computational modeling, have pav
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br Aberrantly enhanced adenosine signaling
2024-01-26
Aberrantly enhanced adenosine signaling in retina of oxygen-induced retinopathy Current therapeutic development of ROP focuses on directly targeting VEGF and HIF-1α signaling pathway (Cavallaro et al., 2014, Penn et al., 2008, Mintz-Hittner et al., 2011, Hartnett and Penn, 2012). However, cellula
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br Discussion Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is a main
2024-01-26
Discussion Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is a main threat to mankind, with one third of the world population being infected. [9] Over nine million new cases of tuberculosis and two million deaths from this disease occur yearly worldwide. [10] The rising incidence of tuberculosis over the l
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